Year 1 HD1: Human Development 1

Lecture: Development of Abilities in Children

1. Understand the progress of motor and sensory development in childhood and its neurological basis.
2. Describe the progress of language development in infancy and childhood.
3. Describe the growth of cognitive abilities in childhood.
4. Understand the methods by which development may be objectively assessed in young children

Lecture: Reproductive Endocrinology and the Menstrual Cycle

1. Describe the origins of steroids, prostaglandins and glycoproteins.
2. Outline how normal menstrual function is related to conception

Lecture: Anatomy of the Pelvis

1. Understand the structure of the bony pelvis and its ligaments.
2. Describe the walls of the pelvic cavity.
3. Pelvic measurements in obstetrics.
4. Describe the pelvic diaphragm.
5. Outline the consequences of injuries to the pelvic floor leading to prolapse of the pelvic viscera.

Lecture: Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle

1. Identify the hormones released during the ovarian cycle and explain how they act on the endometrium.
2. Explain the normal ovarian cycle
3. Understand the normal process of ovulation.
4. Describe the normal processes of oogenesis and ovulation leading to a normal ovarian cycle
5. Understand that ovarian and menstrual cycles are closely linked.

Lecture: Spermatogenesis and Fertilization

1. Summarise the important features of implantation and placentation.
2. Indicate how there is maternal recognition of pregnancy.
3. Describe the normal process of spermatogenesis
4. Describe the essential ingredients for fertilisation
5. Explain the normal processes which occur from fertilisation to implantation

Lecture: Implantation and Placental Function

1. Describe implantation, the development of the placenta and the establishment of the feto-maternal circulation
2. Explain the function of the placenta in supporting fetal development
3. Understand maternal recognition of pregnancy

Lecture: Pelvic Viscera & Perineum

1. Have knowledge of the organs of the pelvis.
2. Describe the anatomy of the perineum, its divisions and layers.
3. State the difference between the deep and superficial pouches and the structures found within.
4. Understand similarities and differences between male and female erectile tissue

Lecture: The Development & Sexual Differentiation of the Reproductive System

1. Outline the development of the reproductive system
2. Describe the descent of the testes and the development of the inguinal canal
3. Understand the structure of the pelvic viscera in the male
4. Understand the structure of female reproductive organs
5. Understand the descent of the ureters through the pelvis and the position of the bladder and urethra in the male and female

Lecture: Embryology: Major Organ System Development

1. Understand the difference between embryonic and fetal periods of development and the clinical significance to organ development and growth
2. Highlights of week 4, to include the closure of the neural tube, folding of the embryo, the pharyngeal arches and the beginnings of the limbs.
3. Highlights of week 5, to include the growth of the head and heart and kidneys.
4. Highlights of week 6, to include, progress of the development of the limbs and heart and start of spontaneous movements.
5. Highlights of week 7, to include the importance of cell death to shape the limbs and face and the growth and development of the gut.
6. Highlights of week 8, to include bone formation and more of the development of the gut.

Lecture: Physiology of Pregnancy

1. Describe the physiological changes in pregnancy, with particular reference to maternal cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological and endocrine systems.
2. Explain the physiological changes prior to parturition.
3. Describe the physiological changes in preparation for lactation

Lecture: Labour and Delivery

1. Describe the signs of labour.
2. Explain the physiological processes involved in parturition.
3. Describe the stages of normal labour resulting in the delivery of the fetus and placenta.

Lecture: Contraception

1. Describe how current contraceptive methods operate through their components.
2. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of contraception (including post-coital contraception and its dangers).

Lecture: The Puerperium and Breast Feeding

1. Demonstrate the normal physiological and anatomical changes associated with the puerperium.
2. Describe the establishment of breast feeding, and its physiological and anatomical advantages to the mother and infant.
3. Understand factors preventing the establishment of breast-feeding

Lecture: Physiological Adaptation from Fetus to Neonate

1. Understand the processes whereby a fetus makes the transition from being dependent on the placenta to being able to live independently
2. Understand the circulatory changes at birth and the neonatal transitional circulation
3. Understand the changes in pulmonary physiology at birth
4. Describe the basic metabolic adaptations which take place in the neonate

Lecture: Fundamental Mechanisms in Human Growth and Puberty

1. Describe the regulation of normal growth
2. Understand the normal physiological and anatomical changes at puberty
3. Identify the stages of puberty in boys and girls
4. Understand the relationships between growth and the onset of puberty
5. Understand the techniques of measuring children of all ages and be able to plot and interpret measurements on a growth chart
6. Understand the biological features influencing normal growth patterns

Lecture: Congenital Defects

1. Define when the embryonic and fetal periods of development are and relate to the incidence of congenital defects.
2. Describe the major causes of congenital defects.
3. How congenital defects are defined as major or minor defects.

Lecture: Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

1. Define stem cells
2. List the sources of stem cells and explain their differences.
3. Outline biological regulation of stem cells
4. Describe ethical, moral and legal issues surrounding stem cell research
5. Describe potential clinical applications for stem cells, including the challenges that must be overcome.
6. Understand how stem cells can be use in a research laboratory to study disease.

Lecture: The Processes of Human Ageing

1. Briefly outline the patterns of disease noted in human development and diseases of premature ageing
2. The learning objectives will be issued at the start of or during the module
3. Briefly outline the patterns of disease noted in human development and diseases of premature ageing
4. Outline the current theories on human ageing

Lecture: Ethical and Legal Aspects of Fetal life, Childhood and Ageing

1. Outline the legal status of the fetus
2. Describe the legal rights of the child and older people

Lecture: Cellular Aspects of Ageing

1. Summarise the changing demographics of ageing
2. Distinguish between 'normal ageing' and pathologic changes
3. Discuss genomic control of ageing and longevity
4. Discuss theories of ageing.

Lecture: Menopause

1. Describe the normal physiological and anatomical changes at the menopause.
2. Describe what investigations can be performed to diagnose the menopause.
3. Outline the options available to treat the symptoms of the menopause.

Lecture: Immune Function in the Fetus and Infancy

1. Describe immunological factors that change during development from fetus to the early years.
2. Understand passive immunity in the fetus and infancy.
3. Explain immunological tolerance in neonates.
4. Outline immuno-deficiencies that present in children.

Lecture: Immunisation

1. Indicate the development of the immune system, including the function of lymphocytes.
2. Recognise the normal immunisation programme.
3. Understand the dangers to the individual and the herd of not immunizing.
4. Explain the immunological processes enabling protection against disease to take place.
5. Relate experience in the UK to worldwide programmes of protection.

Lecture: Normal Behaviour and Emotional Development in Childhood

1. Describe those characteristics of the infant, child and adolescent which can be considered as normal behaviour.
2. Understanding of the importance of distinguishing the different stages of development.
3. Understand psychological development during adolescence.
4. Understand sexual behaviour during adolescence.

Phys Practical: Hormones of Reproduction

Phys Practical: Aspects of Growth

HD PBL 4: Infant Feeding

HD PBL 2: Normal Pregnancy and Labour

HD PBL 3: Adaptation to Extra-Uterine Life

HD PBL 5: Child Development

Microanatomy 1: Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Microanatomy 2: Placental Development