Year 1 FM1: Fundamentals of Medicine

Lecture: Histology - Epithelia and Glands

1. For each of the various types of epithelial tissue, can outline its structural characteristics, functional capabilities, cellular specialisations and be able to give an example of a body site where it would be located.
2. Can name the various types of glands, relate their structure to their function, and give an example of where each might be found in the body.
3. Can describe the basic structure of a mucosa and a serosa, and predict their functions from the different types of epithelial cell found on their surface.

Lecture: Anatomy - Introduction to the Skeleton

1. Can describe the axial and appendicular skeleton
2. Can classify the different types of joints
3. Can describe the relevant, deep fascia, compartments
4. Can describe the relevant muscle groups and movements

Lecture: Physiology- Homeostasis

1. Be able to apply the principles of homeostasis to one human physiological system, from: body temperature; or blood glucose concentration; or body fluid volume.
2. Be able to define homeostasis in relation to the physiological systems
3. Be able to discuss the contribution of negative feedback, positive feedback and positive feedforward to the process of body homeostasis.

Lecture: Inclusivity, Diversity, and Healthcare

1. Define diversity and inclusivity in healthcare
2. Reflect upon one's personal identity and its relevance in the heathcare setting
3. Critically consider the impact of prejudices and steretypes in healthcare interactions
4. Link to later sessions in Fundamentals of Medicine

Lecture: Patients Great Expectations

1. The case for effective communication in healthcare
2. What is meant by patient-centred communication
3. Models of communication and how you will be learning skills

Lecture: Introduction to Health Promotion & the NHS

1. Consider why we have a national health service
2. Have an overview of the Health and Social Care Act 2012
3. Review the current structure of the NHS
4. Identify social determinants of health
5. Consider the importance of social determinant of health on individuals and communities
6. Explain the meaning of ‘health’
7. Know approaches to health promotion
8. Understand the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels at which health promotion can take place

Lecture: Resilience and Mindfulness in Medicine

Ethics: Informed Consent, Moral Theories and Confidentiality

1. Specify why the privileges associated with being a medical student carry with them the responsibility to respect the rights and dignity of patients
2. Explain why obtaining consent is an integral part of successful clinical relationships and the key tenets of GMC policy
3. Outline the types of information which should be communicated in order to obtain consent and the specific duties of medical students in this regard
4. Differentiate between explicit and applied consent, indicating when each is important
5. Understand the nature and outline the various forms of an ethical problem; identify examples of ethical problems in medicine
6. Explain the interface between medical ethics and medial law.
7. Outline the major moral theories and their criteria of identifying goodness
8. Give examples of how each of these theories could be applied in medico-ethical decision making
9. Describe the shortcomings of moral theories and suggest how they could be overcome
10. Evaluate the importance of privacy in personal life, and why this might entail a right to confidentiality
11. Outline why respect for confidentiality is such an important component of successful clinical relationships and of the key tenets policy.
12. Describe the specific duties of medical students as regards confidentiality, and typical dangers of breaching it.
13. Discuss arguments for and against the belief that confidentiality should be broken in the public interests, including the confidentiality of the clinical relationship

Lecture: Anatomy - Introduction to the Nervous System

1. Explain the structural and the functional divisions of the nervous system
2. Can explain the broad structure and function of the central nervous system
3. Can explain the broad structure and function of the peripheral nervous system
4. Can explain the broad structure and function of the somatic nervous system
5. Can explain the broad structure and function of the autonomic nervous system

Lecture: Cell and Tissue Structure 1

1. Identify the organelles and ultrastructural features of cells; describe organisation and functions of the following and, where applicable, relate to human disease
2. nucleus; mitochondrion; endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth); Golgi complex; lyosomes; peroxisomes; cytoskeleton; plasma membrane

Lecture: Cell and Tissue Structure 2

1. Understand the functions of the principal components of the extracellular matrix and relate to cell function and disease
2. Discuss the structure and function of inter-cellular connections in relation to tissue function eg adherens junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes, synapses and relate to disease
3. Relate the specialised structure of the cell surface (microvilli, cilia, pseudopodia) to the functions of the tissues and cells concerned

Lecture: DNA Structure and Replication

1. Describe, using simple diagrams, the structure of DNA and its organisation into nucleosomes, chromatin and chromosomes
2. Outline the mechanism of DNA replication (synthesis) and describe how some antibiotics interfere in this process
3. Explain the very low level of mistakes in the DNA replication process
4. Outline methods of DNA repair with examples of inherited DNA repair defects

Lecture: The Human Genome and Chromosomes

1. Describe the structure and organisation of the human genome.
2. Understand the differences between coding and non-coding the DNA-sequences, introns and exons, control elements, pseudogenes, and repetitive sequences
3. Define the terms used to denote variation in chromosome number and structure.
4. Outline the genetics and clinical features of the common aneuploidy syndromes, and methods for prenatal diagnosis.
5. Describe the functions of the X and Y chromosomes, and outline the process of X-inactivation.

Lecture: RNA Transcription

1. Outline the key features of the genetic code
2. Describe the Central Dogma and the basic structure of a gene
3. Describe the process of transcription and explain the function of RNA polymerase
4. What are the essential RNA species for translation
5. Explain what a promoter is and its role in transcription
6. Describe the events and regulation in the ribosome cycle of protein synthesis
7. Describe the structural changes undergone by a newly synthesised polypeptide in order to constitute a biologically active protein in the appropriate site (post-translational modifications / targeting and sorting)
8. How is RNA modified before leaving the nucleus?
9. Describe the different types of RNA and their role in translation
10. How does viral and bacterial interference effect protein translation
11. Describe how antibiotics can interfere in the process of transcription
12. Know that antibiotics are used to target ribosomes
13. Outline protein synthesis defects in inherited disease

Lecture: Introduction to Clinical Skills

Lecture: Haemostasis and Trauma

Lecture: The Causes of Genetic Mutations

1. Review the types of genetic mutation and how they affect the organism
2. Review the types of chromosomal mutations
3. Review the causes of genetic mutations

Lecture: Anatomy - Imaging

1. Describe the uses of, and the differences between, the following medical imaging techniques: plain (X-Ray) films; computerised tomography (CT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
2. Discuss why knowledge of anatomy is vital to appreciate the applications of imaging to medicine.
3. Discuss the use of contrast: Barium, iodine, gadolinium

Lecture: Histology - Connective Tissue

1. Describe the categorisation, main structural features and functions of the connective tissues.
2. Describe the different cell types found in mature connective tissue.
3. Relate the composition of extracellular matrix components to the functional requirements of the various connective tissues.
4. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the two types of adipose tissue.

Lecture: Physiology - Body Fluids

1. Be able to describe the distribution of body fluids within the body and the composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids.
2. Be able to describe how water moves between different compartments of the body.
3. Be able to discuss the contribution of ion pumps to the regulation of cell volume.
4. Be able to discuss fluid balance and the role of the kidney in regulating blood osmolality and volume.
5. State general disorders of fluid balance.

Lecture: RNA Translation

1. Outline features of the genetic code [relating to translation]
2. What are the essential RNA species for translation
3. Understand the role of the ribosome in mRNA translation; how and where, including co-translational translocation of membrane and secreted peptides at the ER
4. How does viral and bacterial interference effect protein translation
5. Know that antibiotics are used to target ribosomes
6. Outline protein synthesis defects in inherited disease

Lecture: Proteins

1. Understand the role of the ribosome in mRNA translation; how and where, including co-translational translocation of membrane and secreted peptides at the ER
2. Outline the common structural features of the amino-acids and the roles of their side chains in protein structure and function
3. Describe the structure of proteins and the stabilising forces of the a-helix, b-pleated sheet and collagen triple helix
4. Comprehend the problems of protein folding in vivo and the role of molecular chaperones in dealing with this
5. Explain how post translational modifications can be important for stability and modulation of function

Lecture: Epigenetics

1. Define the term epigenetics
2. Describe the role of epigenetic marks in controlling gene expression
3. Understand the extent to which epigenetics impacts on human disease

Lecture: Cell Signalling: 2nd Messengers

1. Describe different types of cell to cell (intercellular) communication
2. Describe the steps and components in a simple intracellular pathway
3. Understand how signals may activate different responses in cells
4. How intracellular signals can act as molecular switches via phosphorylation
5. Explain the different types of intracellular and cell surface receptors
6. Understand the importance of cell communication in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Lecture: Enzymes

1. Define the following terms in relation to enzyme catalysis: substrate specificity; active site; activation energy; cofactor and co-enzyme; proenzyme.
2. Explain the following terms in relation to enzyme catalysis: substrate specificity; active site; activation energy; cofactor and co-enzyme; proenzyme.
3. Explain the effects on enzyme catalysis of changes in temperature and pH. Distinguish between competitive and non-competitive inhibition, giving a physiological example of each.
4. Define the term isoenzymes and their value in diagnostic enzymology.

Lecture: Biological Energy

1. Define the principal energy stores in human cells
2. Describe the principal biological roles of ATP in relation to biosynthesis reactions, transport and motility
3. Describe the principal mechanisms of energy generation within the cell and distinguish between ATP generation through substrate level phosphorylation and via the proton motive force
4. Explain the significance of B-group vitamins in terms of coenzyme structure and function

Lecture: Sugars and Polysaccharides

1. Distinguish between the terms monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide and name a physiologically important example of each group
2. Define the terms: glycosidic bond; sugar esterification (phosphates + sulphates); amino sugar, giving a physiologically relevant example of each one
3. Define the mechanism and biological importance of protein glycosylation
4. Outline the structures and biological roles of glycogen, heparin, proteoglycan and bacterial lipo-polysaccharide

Lecture: Genetic Variation and Treating Genetic Disease

1. Appreciate how much genetic variation we have: both rare and common variants
2. Discuss how DNA polymorphisms can be detected and how they may be used to identify individuals
3. Understand how prenatal diagnosis and PGD can be performed
4. Appreciate how genetic variation may determine treatment options
5. Think about the ethical issues with respect to personal genome sequencing

Lecture: Cell Division and its Control

1. Describe the main features of the cell cycle
2. Describe the main mechanisms and biological functions of mitosis and meiosis
3. Discuss the role of genes in co-ordinating the cell cycle
4. Give examples of human diseases associated with mutations in these genes
5. Explain how some chemotherapeutic drugs may inhibit cell division in cancer cells

Lecture: Gender and Sexuality - Identity

Lecture: Lipids and Membranes

1. Distinguish between essential and non-essential fatty acids and understand their importance as energy stores and as precursors of membrane lipids and paracrines
2. Understand the composition and architecture of biological membranes
3. Describe the physiological functions of cholesterol: as a component of biological membranes and as a precursor for steroid and bile salt synthesis

Lecture: Membrane Proteins

1. Be able to describe and distinguish between: passive and facilitated diffusion, primary and secondary active transport, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and membrane channel activity
2. Be able to describe the function of membrane proteins
3. Relate the membrane protein composition of an intestinal epithelial cell to the transcellular uptake of glucose
4. Distinguish between passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, secondary active transport, and active transport giving examples of each in human tissues
5. Describe the synthesis, folding and trafficking pathways for membrane proteins with reference to the CFTR chloride channel, mutation of which causes cystic fibrosis
6. Relate specialisations of the plasma membrane to its function
7. Describe how deficiencies in folding, trafficking and function of the CFTR protein cause cystic fibrosis

Lecture: Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion

1. To appecriate the key components that make up most of the ECM including collagen and proteoglycans,
2. To describe how loss of cell ahesion can lead to diseases
3. To appreciate the mechanism that allow cells to adhere and move through the extracellular matrix

Lecture: Anatomy - Introduction to Body Cavities

1. Describe the anatomical position and use correct anatomical terms to describe body directions, regions and body planes or sections.
2. Locate and name the major body cavities and their subdivisions and list the major organs contained within them. Name the serous membranes and indicate their common function.
3. Identify the main components of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine and reproductive systems of the body.
4. Locate the major organs in cross section and on MRI and CT

Lecture: Histology - Muscle and Nerve

1. Compare and contrast the structure, function and location of the three major types of muscle.
2. Describe the major responses of muscle to use and disuse.
3. Relate the functional organisation of the neuromuscular synapse (junction) to the process of neuromuscular transmission.
4. Outline the distinctive structural and functional characteristics of nervous tissue.
5. Relate the structures of the neuronal cell body, dendrites, axon and synaptic terminal to their function.

Lecture: Introduction to Pharmacology

Lecture: Cell Differentiation, Cell Death and Stem Cells

1. Define programmed cell death
2. Explain the difference between stem cells and differentiated cells
3. Describe the role of stem cells in cancer
4. Explain the changes that occur with ageing at the cellular and tissue levels

Lecture: Drug Receptor Interactions

1. Describe how the volume distribution of a drug is calculated and the factors that affect the distribution of a drug in the body
2. Describe the four major classes of receptors
3. Describe how drug activity can be modified by changes in receptor interactions

Lecture: Drug Administration and Elimination

1. Describe the main routes of drug administration
2. Identify the routes of administration that lead to 1st pass metabolism and how this contributes to the activity of a drug
3. Recognise how phase I and phase II reactions contribute to the drugs elimination
4. Describe how dosage regimes affect the activity of a drug
5. Recognise the factors that affect drug interactions

Lecture: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology

1. Overview of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Prescribing in the BMed curriculum
2. Prescribing contexts of relevance for medical students
3. Pharmacology and development of individual drugs
4. National medicines use
5. Global medicines use

Lecture: Drug Discovery

1. Be aware of the various milestones and pitfalls in drug development
2. Gain an overview of the process of new drug identification, preclinical and clinical testing
3. Understand the risks: identifying a drug candidate - what properties does it needs to have?; types of activities; selection of action; bioavaliability; safety
4. Regulation: Phase I, II and III trials

Lecture: Why is Immunology Important?

1. 1. To understand that immunology is related to disease including infections, autoimmunity and allergy (hypersensitivity).
2. Be aware of the main players in the immune system including lymphocytes (T-cells, B cells and NK cells), myeloid cells (macrophages and granulocytes), dendritic cells and antibodies
3. Appreciate that communication between cells is critical
4. Realise the importance of long term immunological memory

Lecture: Physiology Acid base

1. Be able to define the term buffer system and explain how it resists changes in pH
2. Be able to state the normal pH and hydrogen concentration of human blood plasma and the ranges compatible with life.
3. Be able to cite a common clinical example of acid base becoming unbalanced.

Lecture: Genetic Inheritance of Disease

1. Describe the different types of gene mutation and their consequences
2. Describe, with examples, the different patterns of inheritance of single gene disorders
3. Understand the basic principles of population genetics with reference to allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
4. Explain how genetic variation contributes to common disease
5. Define the following terms in relation to human genetics and disease: homozygous; heterozygous; proband; sibling; recessive; dominant; co-dominant; penetrance; anticipation; imprinting phenotype; genotype; allele

Lecture: How Does the Immune System Recognise Pathogens?

1. Know how the immune system recognises antigens
2. Know the meaning of the term antigen
3. Introduce the idea that TCRs and BCRs are made with random antigen recognition capacities
4. Understand the importance of distinguishing self from non-self
5. Appreciate that innate immune cells recognise a limited array of microbial structures using pattern recognition receptors.
6. Understand how T and B cells recognise antigens and how the diversity of antigen recognition receptors on these cells is generated.
7. Be familiar with the basic structure of an antibody molecule.
8. Understand the role of antigen presentation and the structure and function of major histocompatability complex (MHC) molecules.

Lecture: How Do We Eliminate Pathogens That Live Outside Cells?

1. Know that many pathogens invade the spaces between cells eg extra-cellular bacteria
2. Know how bacteria are eliminated using the humoral immune response
3. Know what an antibody is
4. Know how phagocytes (eg neutrophils) interplay with antibodies
5. Understand complement and know its function

Lecture: How Do We Eliminate Pathogens That Live Inside Cells?

Lecture: CD4 T-Cells - Master Controllers of the Immune System

1. Know that Th1 cells drive cell-mediated immunity
2. Know that Th2 cells drive humoral immunity
3. Know that Th17 cells drive responses to extracellular bacteria
4. Know that T-reg cells retrain immune responses
5. Know that memory T-cells remember our infection history
6. Appreciate that CD4 or helper T-cells orchestrate adaptive immun responses

Lecture: Cytokines - The Good and Bad of the Immune System

1. Understand cytokines and their function
2. Appreciate the key concept that cytokines are very beneficial molecules in small localised controlled doses, but are extremely harmful molecules in high prolonged and systemic doses
3. Know that the immune system is an agent of harm in the modern age

Lecture: Immunology, MMR and the Gut

1. Critically appraise the results of controversial research papers reported in the medical and scientific literature
2. Apply findings from the literature to answer questions raised by controversial research papers
3. Understand the public health, ethical and scientific issues involved in fraudulent medical research
4. Appreciate that most of the biomedical literature is generally not reproducible

Lecture: Anatomy - Introduction to the Cardiovascular System

1. Identify the structural difference between arteries and veins related to function. Name and locate the major arteries and veins in the systemic circulation.
2. Describe the position of the heart and identify the great vessels
3. Follow the main vessels to the viscera and to the periphery, identifying the main vessels
4. Differentiate between systemic, portal and pulmonary circulation
5. Describe the general location of lymph nodes.

Lecture: Introduction to Pathology and Histopathology

Lecture: Biology of Cancer - What is Cancer?

1. Define the terms: tumour, neoplasm, benign, malignant, histogenesis, differentiation, metastasis
2. 3. To know the hallmarks of cancer and describe the alterations in physiology that collectively result in malignant growth
3. Describe the role of gain of function mutations in oncogenes and loss of function mutations in tumour suppressor genes in cancer initiation and progression

Lecture: The Behaviour of Tumours

1. Give a brief classification of benign and malignant tumours based on origin of cell and morphological features
2. Identify and compare the behaviour between benign and malignant neoplasms
3. Identify and describe the key features of metastasis
4. Have a basic knowledge of grading and staging tumours
5. Define the term paraneoplastic syndrome and give some examples

Lecture: Cancer - A Genetic Disease

1. Describe the genetic changes that occur in oncogenes
2. Describe the processes of spontaneous and carcinogenic DNA damage
3. List the aetiological agents that have been linked to the development of some malignant neoplasms

Lecture: The Microbial World I: Bacteria

1. Be able to distinguish between the different groups of pathogens
2. Outline the structure of bacteria, emphasising differences from eukaryotic cells
3. Describe how bacteria can be classified on the basis of staining properties and morphology
4. Define the terms pathogen; commensal; opportunistic pathogen; carriage; colonisation resistance; virulence
5. List those parts of the body which should be sterile and those which have a normal flora

Lecture: How Do Microbes Cause Disease?

1. Describe portals of entry of pathogens and their adherence mechanisms
2. For viruses, list their mechanisms of persistence, and explain their harmful effects (killing cells, alter functions of cells, giant cell formation, malignant change, hypersensitivity)
3. For bacteria, list their mechanisms of persistence, describe how they make you ill, and how they survive the host response (involving stress, stealth, scavenging, striking back)
4. Describe how pathogens are disseminated through host organs and how they exit from the host

Lecture: Treatment and Prevention: Bacteria

1. Describe the principle of selective toxicity
2. Describe the structure and function of targets in microbes that differ from their counterparts in the host
3. Understand the main classes, mechanisms of action and spectrum of activity of commonly used antimicrobials
4. To explain how attenuated and inactivated bacterial vaccines offer protection
5. Understand the mechanisms and implications of inherent and acquired antimicrobial resistance in bacteria

Lecture: The Microbial World II: Viruses

1. List the basic characteristics of viruses and the criteria by which they are classfied
2. Describe the structure of viruses, defining the terms: capsid; capsomeres; genome; nucleocapsid, envelope
3. Important viral enzymes and other functional important proteins
4. Describe how viruses replicate

Lecture: Infectious Disease - Epidemiology

1. Define the terms: incidence; prevalence; endemic; epidemic; pandemic
2. Discuss how pathogens are transmitted
3. Discuss methods of controlling infectious diseases (prevention, immunisation, treatment) and the significance of herd immunity.

Lecture: Physiology - Action Potentials

1. Summarise, with an example of each, the features which distinguish the neural, endocrine, and paracrine intercellular communication systems.
2. Given the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na+, K+and Cl-ions (for a generalised mammalian neuron), describe how these concentrations are maintained.
3. Explain how the resting membrane potential is a consequence of the concentration gradients of ions across the plasma membrane and of the relative ion permeabilities of the membrane.
4. Describe how ion channels can respond to voltage, with particular reference to the action potential.
5. Draw a typical action potential, and describe the changes in ionic permeability that occur at each stage.

Lecture: Physiology - Electrical and Chemical Signalling

1. Describe how the action potential is propagated down a myelinated and unmyelinated axon
2. Be able to explain how changes in axon diameter and myelination affect the conduction velocity of axons
3. Describe how the action potential is converted into a chemical signal at the synapse
4. Explain why pre-synaptic calcium is important for chemical transmission
5. Compare the effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic membrane potential

Lecture: Introduction to Neoplasia

1. Identify and compare the major pathological features of benign and malignant neoplasms
2. To be able to describe the pathological features of carcinomas
3. Give a brief classification of benign and malignant neoplasms according to their cell of origin (histogenesis)

Lecture: Treatment and Prevention: Viruses

1. Know the concept of inhibition of virus specific enzymatic activities
2. How to inhibit cellular factors important for virus replication
3. What are the treatment strategies and treatment side effects for selected viral infections
4. Understand mechanisms leading to antiviral resistance
5. Know current and future viral vaccines strategies

Lecture: Cancer Case Studies

Lecture: Neuronal Responses

1. Review the various types of receptors
2. Recall how synapses integrate excitatory and inhibitory signals
3. Recall how 2nd messengers transduce for GPCRs
4. Describe how sensory information is integrated and a motor response initiated if appropriate

Lecture: Introduction to the ANS

1. Compare and contrast the SNS and ANS
2. Draw labelled diagrams to show the general arrangement of motor and somatic reflexes.
3. Name the divisions of the ANS, and describe the segmental organisation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
4. Draw a series of labelled diagrams to show the arrangement of nerve fibres in the divisions of the ANS at the anatomical and neurochemical and receptor levels,
5. Describe how the adrenal medulla acts as a modified post-ganglionic cell.
6. Briefly describe how the enteric nervous system can control gut function.

Lecture: Pharmacology of the ANS

1. Be able to explain how neurotransmitters can produce electrical changes by activating / inhibiting receptors in the post-synaptic cell
2. Be able to outline the role of G-proteins in coupling a hormone/NT receptor complex to a) adenylate cyclase; b) hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids
3. By means of simple diagrams and suitable examples, be able to describe the properties of the receptor-regulated ion channels and the neurotransmitters which activate them
4. Describe the major neurotransmitter systems in the central and peripheral nervous systems
5. Describe the role of protein kinases in transmitting the intracellular effects of second messengers
6. Explain how an action potential is initiated by the summation of synaptic inputs

MicAnat: Practical: Epithelia and Glands

1. Recognise the various epithelial cell types in photomicrographs and predict their function from their structure
2. Recognise glandular tissue in photomicrographs, identify the gland type and its likely function
3. Understand and master the use of the system for classifying different types of lining epithelia based on number of layers and shape of cells on the surface
4. Recognise, name and understand the function of different components of the basement membrane.
5. Recognise the mucous and serous membranes in photomicrographs and be able to identify different structural components found in each of these complex tissues

MicAnat Practical: Connective Tissues

1. Recognise the different types of connective tissue in photomicrographs
2. Identify common cell types found in connective tissues
3. Understand differences in the make-up of the extracellular matrix between various connective tissues and how types are differently organised
4. Relate organisation of different types of connective tissue to their function

MicAnat Practical: Muscle and Nerve

1. Recognise nervous tissue and be able to distinguish neural and glial components
2. Show understanding of how different cell types within nervous tissue and the organisation of the tissue contribute to its functions
3. Recognise different types of muscle and different components of muscle tissue in photomicrographs

MicAnat Practical: Investigative Procedures

1. Describe the types of investigations that can provide tissue for histological analysis, and discuss the clinical value of such analysis
2. Describe the morphological changes undergone by cancer cells as seen in a photomicrograph

PBL1: The Professional Student

PBL2: Fragile X Syndrome

PBL3: Child Abuse or Something Else

PBL4: Acid Base Problems

PBL5: Generic Versus Branded Drugs Which is Better?

PBL6: Dangerous Liaisons!

PBL7: The New Lump

PBL8: The Potential Problem of Antibiotic Resistance

Lecture: FUNMED Feedback Session